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went there and told the Poles we would give them one Polskiego i produkcji nowoczesnej broni w Polsce oraz sible for education, and the editorial board of Zycia
of our experienced generals as minister of defense. naruszenia tajemnej produkcji broni w Polsce, AAN, Partii [Party Life]. Matwin, Morawski and Albrecht
And we decided to give them one of the best KC PZPR, paczka 112, tom 26, str. 223-225. the so-called Young Secretaries thus acquired the
Rokossowski. He was good-natured, polite, a tiny bit 43. This is a reference to articles by Leszek Kolakowski, daily management of Party propaganda, ideology, cul-
Polish, and a talented general. True, he spoke Polish Antysemici Piec tez nienowych I przestroga [Anti- ture, education, and the youth-wing of the Party.
badly, stressing the wrong syllables. He wasn t happy Semitism Five old theses and admonition], Po Prostu Protokól z posiedzenia Sekretariatu KC w dn. 21 III
about going there, but it was very important for us that [Plain Speaking], 22 (27 May 1956), and especially 1956 r., nr. 96, AAN, KC PZPR, paczka 15, tom 58,
he be there, that he put everything in order. After all, Edda Werfel (her husband, Roman Werfel, was editor- str. 50-51.
we knew nothing about them. See Albert Resis, ed., in-chief of Nowe Drogi [New Paths] from 1952 to 1959, 50. The commentaries in the text and the notes are
Molotov Remembers: Inside Kremlin Politics. Conver- the leading organ of the PUWP Central Committee; he mine. The original document can be found among the
sations with Felix Chuev (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, was also editor of Trybuna Ludu [People s Tribune] for Zawadzki papers, AAN, KC PZPR.
1993), 54. two months in March 1956), Skad i dlaczego nastroje 51. Notatka z rozmowy polsko-radzieckich z 22
29. Khrushchev, The Last Testament, 203. antyinteligenckie [From where and why the anti-intel- pazdziernika 1956 r w sprawie eksploatacji rudy
30. Ibid., 205. lectual mood]? Po Prostu, 25 (17 June 1956). Edda uranowej i Zalaczniki, AAN, KC PZPR paczka
31. Ochab in Toranska, Oni, 77-78. Werfel attacked the call in the PUWP, supported by 112, tom 26, str. 643-661.
32. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers: The Khrushchev at the Sixth Plenum of March 1956, to 52. See Ostatni spór Gomulki ze Stalinem [Gomulka s
Glasnost Tapes [hereafter The Glasnost Tapes], trans. promote new [read: Polish] cadres at the expense of last dispute with Stalin], ed. by Andrzej Werblan, Dzis
and ed. by Jerrold L. Schecter with Vyacheslav W. Jews. 6 (1993).
Luchkov (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1990), 115. 44. Gomulka s letter to Stalin was written on 14 53. Reference to Zambrowski, who, as a leading mem-
33. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, trans. and December 1948, after his December 9 meeting with ber of the so-called Pulawy group (the reformers) in
ed. by Strobe Talbott (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., Stalin, Molotov and Beria. The letter was recently the PUWP, is largely credited with ensuring Gomulka s
1970), 205. published in Poland. See Ostatni spór Gomulki ze entry into the Politburo by withdrawing his support for
34. Ibid., 203. Stalinem [Gomulka s last dispute with Stalin], ed. by Ochab.
35. Khrushchev, The Glasnost Tapes, 116. Andrzej Werblan, Dzis, 6 (1993). 54. See Ostatni spór Gomulki ze Stalinem, ed. by
36. The following PUWP Politburo members missed 45. Reference to the threat posed by the former Werblan, Dzis 6 (1993).
the Soviet-Polish meeting: Hilary Minc, who resigned premier of the Polish government in London during the 55. For details see chapter eleven (on the Seventh
from the Politburo on 9 October 1956; Dworakowski, war. In 1945 he signed a pact with the communist Plenum) of my Ph.D. dissertation, The Collapse of
who was apparently ill; and Mazur, who was on vaca- government in Poland, resulting in the Provisional Gov- Stalinist Rule in Poland: The Polish United Worker s
tion in the Soviet Union. Mazur flew to Moscow on ernment of National Unity. Faced with arrest after the Party from the XX CPSU Congress to the VIII CC
October 13 and did not return to Poland until Novem- rigged elections of 1947, he escaped to the West. PUWP Plenum, February-October 1956 (McMaster
ber 6. It has been suggested that Mazur went to the 46. See Gomulka, Na fundamentach jednosci stanie University, 1994), especially the section on The De-
Soviet Union to play the role of Hungary s János Kádár gmach socjalizmu [On the foundations of unity stands mocratization Campaign, pp. 150-152. See also
in the event the Soviets decided to invade Poland. the structure of socialism], Glos Ludu [The People s Stenogram VII Plenum KC PZPR z dni 18-20, 23-25
See also the comments by Jakub Berman (the second Voice] 328 (28 November 1948). I 26-28 VIII 1956 r., AAN, KC PZPR, paczka 70, tom.
highest ranking member of the PUWP Politburo during 47. Writer and editor, prominent advocate of socialist 25-27, str. 498-1471.
the Stalin years who resigned his posts in May 1956 realism in literature. 1945-50 Polish ambassador to 56. The PUWP Politburo delegated Zenon Nowak and
and was expelled from the Party in 1957) on Mazur in Paris. In 1956 he was a member of the PUWP Central Mazur to meet with Gomulka on 9 May 1956. On the
Toranska, Oni, 263-264; and the interview with Antoni Committee and Secretary of the Party organization at next day, Gomulka held talks with Mazur and Zawadzki.
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