[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
" swallowing
major disaster caused by a chemical accident
has greatly increased because of the increase
" eye exposure
in everyday use of chemicals by all segments of
our population as well as the movement of
Inhalation
chemicals by all types of transportation. These
guidelines are designed primarily for
1. Remove the person to an uncontaminated
communities like Magna which do not presently
atmosphere. If the person has been
contain chemical plants but might be affected
overcome and is unconscious, do not
by a transportation accident or by an accident
attempt a rescue without the protection of
at a chemical plant in a neighboring community.
proper respiratory equipment, preferably
some form of self-contained breathing
Citizen Response
apparatus. Remember, a gas mask does
not protect against atmospheric oxygen
Cooperate with Authorities
deficiency, nor is it effective in high
concentrations (two percent by volume is
1. Prompt reporting of a chemical accident is
the usual limit) of chemical vapors. Also,
every citizen's responsibility. Local
even though a self-contained air supply
authorities, and particularly emergency
mask is worn, injury can occur through
services personnel (police, fire, medical,
exposed skin surfaces if the air contaminant
and public works) need factual information
is an irritant or can be absorbed through the
in order to make base decisions on how to
skin.
respond to the accident. Authorities must
also be able to correctly answer questions
2. Have the person lie down and keep him or
from the news media so that erroneous
her warm. If breathing is difficult, a sitting
reports are prevented.
position may be more comfortable. If the
person is unconscious, see that the tongue
2. A citizen should not spread rumors. If you
does not fall back and obstruct breathing.
are a witness but not a casualty, you should
If vomiting starts, turn the person on his/her
tell the authorities exactly what you saw. If
side or face downward to prevent inhalation
not a witness, you should keep posted via
of vomited material.
radio or television but not rush to the
scene, since this causes serious
3. If breathing has stopped, send for help and
obstructions to those professionals who are
begin artificial respiration. Continue until
attempting to save lives and property.
breathing is restored or a physician arrives
The curious bystanders at the scene are
to take charge. Mouth-to-mouth breathing
needlessly exposing themselves to injury,
is the most effective method of artificial
particularly if dangerous chemical reactions
respiration. The back pressure-arm lift
are involved.
method is also very efficient.
4. If breathing becomes difficult or the color of
Emergency Treatment of Casualties
the victim becomes blue-gray, check for
obstructed airway. If the airway is clear,
You may find it necessary to administer
oxygen may be given by face mask, but
emergency first aid to a victim of a chemical
only by someone familiar with the use of
accident or to yourself if you have been
the equipment and authorized to do so.
injured. The treatment described in this section
is limited to emergency procedures which
anyone can administer. The first aid measures
67
Chemical and Radiological Accidents
5. Call a physician as soon as possible or send
Eye Exposure
someone to do this. Make sure the
physician knows where the victim is and
1. Take the victim immediately to the nearest
what the need is.
water fountain or other source of clean
6. Never leave an unconscious person
running water.
unattended.
2. Spread the lids with the fingers and allow
7. Never attempt to give an unconscious
the water to flood the eye.
person anything by mouth.
3. Roll the eye about so that the water may
contact all eye surfaces.
Skin Exposure
4. Continue such emergency washing for 15
1. Small exposures of skin should be promptly minutes.
flooded with water and followed by
5. Take the victim to a first aid station or to a
thorough, gentle scrubbing with soap and
physician as soon as possible after the
water.
emergency washing period.
2. Contaminated clothing should be removed
and the underlying skin washed with
running water, followed by soap and water.
3. If extensive skin or clothing contact occurs,
the person should be hurried to the
nearest shower and clothing removed
while standing in the shower. The skin
should be thoroughly washed with water,
followed by gentle scrubbing with soap and
water.
4. Contaminated clothing should not be worn
again until laundered.
5. A physician should be consulted in those
cases which show skin effects from
chemical exposure or in which symptoms
of systemic illness appear.
Swallowing
1. Induce the victim to vomit as quickly as
possible. This may be done by having
him/her drink several glasses of water,
then sticking a finger down the throat.
Another effective means for producing
vomiting is to have the victim drink a glass
of warm water in which a tablespoon of salt
has been dissolved. Caution: If strong,
caustic chemicals have been swallowed,
vomiting may rupture damaged tissue and
should NOT occur. Also, never give an
unconscious person anything by mouth.
2. Call a physician at once.
Keep the victim lying down and as warm and
comfortable as possible.
68
Emergency Communications
emergency assistance in times of local, regional
or national disaster. It is a specialized and
Emergency
dedicated network for Priesthood
communications.
Communications
The ERRS network is staffed by
skilled and licensed Amateur radio operators,
In times of disaster, normal means of
called and set apart by the appropriate authority,
communications may not be available.
at each level of the network. The title given to
Telephone systems, computer networks even
these communicators is [Unit designation]
cellular phones are highly susceptible to failure
ERRS Communication Coordinator. At the Ward
in the event of an emergency. Knowing,
level the Bishop extends the call to the Ward
understanding and planning for just such an
ERRS Communication Coordinator. At the
emergency can save lives.
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
